Final answer:
The correct answer is that for IFR flights, if an alternate aerodrome is specified, aircraft must carry fuel to fly an additional 45 minutes after reaching an alternate aerodrome; if no alternate is specified, aircraft must carry enough fuel to fly for 45 minutes after a missed approach at the destination.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question relates to the regulations for fuel requirements on an aircraft operating under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR). Specifically, it is asking which of the provided options correctly states the amount of fuel a turbojet aircraft or helicopter must carry to meet IFR regulatory standards in different scenarios regarding whether an alternate aerodrome is specified or not in the flight plan.
The correct answer is that an IFR aircraft must carry enough fuel for the following (assuming only one condition applies):
- If an alternate aerodrome is specified, the aircraft must fly to the destination aerodrome, execute an approach and a missed approach, fly to and land at the alternate aerodrome, and then fly for an additional 45 minutes.
- If no alternate aerodrome is specified, the aircraft must fly to the destination aerodrome, execute an approach and a missed approach, and then fly for an additional 45 minutes.
Historic incidents such as the 1983 Air Canada emergency landing, the loss of the Mars Climate Orbiter in 1999, and a medication overdose in 1993 illustrate the criticality of accurate measurements and attention to detail in aviation and healthcare.