Final answer:
A scientific prediction relating variables as a cause and effect in an experiment is called a hypothesis. It is a tentative explanation that can be tested through experimentation to examine if the prediction is valid.
Step-by-step explanation:
A hypothesis is a tentative explanation for scientific observations that puts the system being studied into a form that can be tested through an experiment. To establish a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables, the experiment must be conducted with a specific hypothesis in mind. For example, if a student believes that studying with music leads to better test performance, they might set up an experiment where one group studies with music and the other without, predicting that the music group will perform better. This prediction is their hypothesis, which can then be tested to see if it holds under experimental conditions.