Final answer:
The process involving glycolysis followed by fermentation without oxygen is known as anaerobic respiration and matches option a. This process includes ethyl alcohol fermentation or lactic acid fermentation, which regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process you're describing, which does not use oxygen and involves glycolysis followed by either ethyl alcohol fermentation or lactic acid fermentation, best matches anaerobic respiration (option a). In anaerobic respiration, organisms convert glucose into energy without the use of oxygen. Glycolysis is the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. In anaerobic conditions, where oxygen is not used, the pyruvate from glycolysis is further processed in either ethyl alcohol fermentation or lactic acid fermentation, depending on the organism. In ethyl alcohol fermentation, pyruvate is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide, while in lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is converted into lactate. These processes regenerate NAD+ from NADH, which is necessary for glycolysis to continue and produce ATP.