Final answer:
None of the proposed options A) to D) for 'sense codons' and 'antisense codons' are correct as these terms are not standard genetic nomenclature. Sense codons code for amino acids, and stop codons (sometimes referred to as nonsense codons) signal the end of protein synthesis. The term 'antisense codon' is likely a misconception and might be confused with anticodons, which are part of tRNA and complement mRNA codons.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sense codons and antisense codons are terms that are not typically used in the standard nomenclature of genetics, thus none of the options A) through D) are correct. However, I will provide you with an explanation of codons and their roles in protein synthesis, which might clarify the confusion surrounding these terms.
In the context of molecular biology, a codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in messenger RNA (mRNA) that specifies either the addition of a particular amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain or the termination of protein synthesis. Out of the 64 possible codons, 61 code for amino acids and are called sense codons because they make sense in that they codify for an amino acid. However, there are three codons known as stop codons, UAA, UAG, and UGA, that do not specify any amino acid and thus terminate protein synthesis; these are sometimes referred to as nonsense codons.
When discussing the antisense strand, it typically refers to the DNA strand that is complementary to the sense strand carrying the genetic information. The sense strand of DNA has the same sequence as the mRNA except that thymine (T) in DNA is replaced by uracil (U) in mRNA. But this is unrelated to the term "sense codon."
The term antisense codon does not refer to a type of codon, but perhaps is misunderstood to be referring to the anticodon, which is a part of transfer RNA (tRNA) that is complementary to the codon on the mRNA and ensures the correct amino acid is added to the polypeptide chain.