Final answer:
The primary cause of hyperglycemia is impaired insulin function leading to diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes is caused by the absence of insulin production, while type 2 is mostly due to insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Other factors can include excess insulin antagonists and defective insulin receptors.
Step-by-step explanation:
What is the Primary Cause of Hyperglycemia and What Else Can Cause It?
The primary cause of hyperglycemia is impaired insulin function, which leads to a condition called diabetes mellitus. In type 1 diabetes, the endocrine system fails to produce insulin due to the destruction of beta cells in the pancreas. On the other hand, type 2 diabetes, which is the most common form, is primarily caused by a combination of insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Causes of hyperglycemia also include excess of insulin antagonists like glucagon and defective insulin receptors on cells. Some of the specific effects of uncontrolled high blood glucose levels, other than in diabetes, might include damage to organs such as eyes, kidneys, and the cardiovascular system.
Frequent urination and glucagon in urine are symptoms typically associated with diabetes, resulting from the body's attempt to eliminate excess glucose. Additionally, when a person with type 2 diabetes has high blood sugar levels, the liver can exacerbate the situation by releasing more glucose into the blood, often due to the liver's response to perceived low blood glucose levels.
While type 2 diabetes may sometimes be managed with lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise, type 1 diabetes always requires insulin replacement therapy. Medications and insulin injections are part of the treatment for diabetes mellitus to help manage and control hyperglycemia.