Final answer:
HDL levels greater than 60 mg/dL are considered cardioprotective, aiding in the transport of cholesterol to the liver and reducing the risk of heart disease. However, new studies question the strength of the protective role of HDL, focusing on genetic factors and lipid ratios.
Step-by-step explanation:
HDLs, often referred to as good cholesterol transporters, play a crucial role in cardiovascular health by transporting excess cholesterol to the liver for metabolization, thereby reducing the risk of plaque formation and atherosclerosis. HDL levels greater than 60 mg/dL are considered cardioprotective, whereas levels lower than 40 mg/dL for men and 50 mg/dL for women are risk factors for heart disease. Recent studies, however, have brought into question the efficacy of HDL in preventing cardiovascular disease, suggesting that genetic factors and the LDL:HDL ratio might be more significant predictors of risk. Even though the role of saturated fat in heart disease is also being re-examined, maintaining proper levels of HDL remains a focus for promoting heart health.