Final answer:
If second full packaging and a tourniquet cannot be used to control an external hemorrhage, direct pressure should be maintained, the affected area should be elevated if safe, and emergency medical assistance should be sought. Medical intervention may involve IV fluids, blood transfusions, and surgery.
Step-by-step explanation:
If a SECOND full packaging does not control the bleeding of an external hemorrhage and a tourniquet is not an option, the protocol would be to continue applying direct pressure to the wound. If bleeding persists, seek emergency medical help immediately. Medical intervention may involve the administration of IV fluids, blood transfusions, and surgery to control the hemorrhage and restore blood volume. Additionally, maintaining the injured limb or area elevated (if possible and does not cause further harm) can help reduce blood flow to the area. While waiting for professional help, continue to apply pressure and keep the injured person calm and as still as possible to prevent exacerbating the bleed.
Internal mechanisms of the body such as vasoconstriction and clotting will work to increase blood pressure and maintain blood flow to vital organs. The physiological processes involved are designed to compensate for the blood loss temporarily, but without sufficient medical intervention, the body may not be able to cope with a significant hemorrhage.