Final answer:
The medical term for a surgical incision of the sphincter is sphincterotomy, which is a surgery performed to correct issues arising from a malfunctioning sphincter muscle, like regulating flow through an organ's passage.
Step-by-step explanation:
The medical term for a surgical incision of the sphincter is sphincterotomy. This procedure involves making a cut into a sphincter, which is a ring-like muscle that regulates the flow through the lumen of a vessel or hollow organ. Anatomical sphincters are composed of smooth or skeletal muscle and are essential for maintaining the function of various bodily systems. For example, the internal sphincter is an involuntary muscle that maintains continence in the anorectal area. Similarly, the pyloric sphincter controls the passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine. A sphincterotomy may be performed to relieve pressure or blockages or to correct malfunctioning sphincters causing health issues such as acid reflux in the case of the gastro-esophageal sphincter, or fissures associated with the internal sphincter.