Final answer:
The medical term for making a surgical incision into the ileum through the abdomen is called an ileostomy. It enables chyme to be collected externally when an internal fecal pouch isn't viable. This procedure is significant for various conditions affecting the digestive system.
Step-by-step explanation:
The medical term for a surgical incision into the ileum through the abdomen is ileostomy. This procedure involves creating an opening in the distal ileum and bringing it out through the abdominal wall. It is often performed when a new fecal pouch cannot be crafted from the small intestine to be sutured to the anus. In such cases, the ileostomy allows for the watery chyme to be collected in a bag-like adhesive appliance. This is a common procedure in various medical conditions that affect the digestive system, such as inflammatory bowel diseases or following certain surgeries like colectomies.
It's important to note that the intestines, which consist of the small and large bowel, or 'guts', perform crucial digestive system functions beyond ingestion, filling most of the abdominal cavity. The ileum is the last part of the small intestine, after the duodenum and jejunum, and it is critical for the absorption of nutrients and other substances.
Complications such as peritonitis, which is an inflammation of the peritoneum, could necessitate an ileostomy if the condition is severe enough that it requires surgical intervention to prevent the spread of infection or to manage the damage to the digestive tract.