Final answer:
Disuse atrophy of the periodontium leads to structural changes and regression of the tissues supporting the teeth, including changes in fiber arrangement, ligament narrowing, alveolar osteoporosis, and reduced tooth mobility.
Step-by-step explanation:
Disuse atrophy of the periodontium causes changes in the arrangement of fibre bundles, narrowing of the periodontal ligament, osteoporosis of the alveolar process, and a decrease in tooth mobility. Each of these conditions is a result of reduced functional demand on the structures that support the teeth, leading to their regression. The periodontal ligaments are essential as they are composed of collagen fibers and anchor the roots of the teeth to the jaws. Illnesses like scurvy that impair collagen production can detrimentally influence the strength of these ligaments, jeopardizing the stability of the teeth. Additionally, the health of the periodontium is affected by periodontal disease caused by microbial infection leading to inflammation, which may progress from gingivitis to periodontitis. In serious cases, this can result in tooth mobility, receding gums, and eventually tooth loss. Good oral hygiene is pivotal in preventing such conditions and maintaining the structural integrity of the periodontium.