Final answer:
Benzodiazepines are central nervous system depressants commonly prescribed as anti-anxiety agents. They work by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter called gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and have various effects including sedation, decreased anxiety, and muscle relaxation. They may cause muscular weakness, but are not contraindicated in acute open-angle glaucoma.
Step-by-step explanation:
Benzodiazepines are a class of drugs that act as central nervous system depressants. They are commonly prescribed as anti-anxiety agents and are used to reduce symptoms of anxiety, panic attacks, and extreme fear. Some commonly used benzodiazepines include Alprazolam (Xanax), Diazepam (Valium), and Lorazepam (Ativan).
These drugs work by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter called gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), which has a calming effect on the brain. The main effects of benzodiazepines include sedation, hypnosis, decreased anxiety, muscle relaxation, and anticonvulsant activity. However, they may also have adverse effects such as cognitive and behavioral issues, and there is a risk of tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal if the medication is rapidly discontinued.
In answer to the specific statements mentioned in the question, benzodiazepines may cause muscular weakness, but they are not contraindicated in a patient with acute open-angle glaucoma. They are also not known to directly produce hypertension, although they may cause a decrease in blood pressure.