Final answer:
The thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) orthopedic exams identify conditions such as cervical rib, which causes neurovascular compression in the thoracic outlet, through tests like Adson's, Roo's, and Wright's, along with imaging techniques.
Step-by-step explanation:
The thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) orthopedic exams are used to diagnose conditions related to the thoracic outlet, which can include the presence of a cervical rib. A cervical rib is an extra rib that arises from the cervical vertebrae. It can compress the nerves and blood vessels that pass through the thoracic outlet, causing symptoms.
Orthopedic specialists may perform various examinations, such as the Adson's test, the Roo's test, and the Wright's test, to determine if a patient's symptoms are related to TOS. These tests assess for compression on the neurovascular bundle that serves the arm. Furthermore, doctors might use imaging tests such as X-rays, MRIs, or CT scans to confirm the presence of a cervical rib and evaluate the extent of thoracic outlet compression.
The thoracic cage, consisting of 12 pairs of ribs and the sternum, plays a significant role in thoracic outlet syndrome. True ribs attach directly to the sternum and are involved in the thoracic curve of the spine, particularly important in TOS assessments.