Final answer:
To login to Active Directory from Linux, the Samba tool is used to join a machine to the domain, then pam_winbind facilitates the login. For Mac, built-in options in the 'Users & Groups' system preferences allow the machine to join an Active Directory domain.
Step-by-step explanation:
To login to Active Directory from a Linux or Mac system, you typically need to use third-party software or services that can interface with the Active Directory protocol. On Linux, one such tool is Samba, which can be used to join a Linux machine to an Active Directory domain. On macOS, the functionality is built-in and can be accessed through the 'Users & Groups' preference pane in System Preferences, where you can use the 'Login Options' to join the Mac to an Active Directory domain.
For Linux, the process generally involves installing the necessary Samba packages, configuring the /etc/samba/smb.conf file to connect to the Active Directory domain, and then using the net ads join command to join the machine to the domain. After joining, you can use the pam_winbind module to facilitate the login process using Active Directory credentials.
For macOS, you would open System Preferences, go to 'Users & Groups,' click on 'Login Options,' and then click on 'Join' next to 'Network Account Server.' You’ll be prompted to enter the name of the Active Directory domain you want to join and the credentials for a domain administrator account.