Final answer:
The mouth and surface of the tongue are covered by lining mucosa, which aids in moisture, digestion, taste, and speech. This mucosa includes epithelium, lamina propria, and the muscularis mucosae, with specialized structures like lingual glands and papillae for secretion and sensation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The lining of the mouth and the surface of the tongue are composed of specialized mucous membranes known as lining mucosa. These membranes are crucial for various functions, including the secretion of mucus, which helps moisten, soften, and lubricate the food we consume, aiding in digestion. The mucosa is made up of an epithelium layer in direct contact with the ingested food, a supportive connective tissue layer called the lamina propria, and a thin smooth muscle layer termed the muscularis mucosae. In addition, the mucosa houses glands such as the lingual glands, which secrete mucus and enzymes like lingual lipase, contributing to the digestive process in the oral phase.
The tongue is a muscular organ that plays a critical role in manipulating food, speaking, and taste sensations. The upper surface of the tongue is comprised of projections called papillae, which include taste buds within the fungiform papillae, and mechanoreceptor features within the filiform papillae. The underside of the tongue is connected to the floor of the mouth by the lingual frenulum, providing mobility for various oral tasks. The mucous membrane lining of the mouth, including the floor and the tongue, is essential for oral health and dietary functions.