Final answer:
Electronegativity was quantified by American chemist Linus Pauling. He developed a quantitative scale for electronegativity in the 1930s, which is essential for predicting bond types and molecule polarity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term electronegativity was quantified by American chemist Linus Pauling. Pauling developed the concept of electronegativity to predict the ability of an atom to attract shared electrons when forming a chemical bond.
While this question mentions various chemists and physicists who contributed to the understanding of electron properties and chemistry, such as Robert Millikan, G. N. Lewis, J.J. Thomson, Erwin Schrödinger, and Michael Faraday, it was Linus Pauling who introduced the quantitative scale for electronegativity in the 1930s. This has become a fundamental concept in chemistry, especially when predicting the type of bond (ionic or covalent) that will form between atoms, as well as the polarity of molecules.