Final answer:
The mucous membrane consists of two primary layers: the epithelium, which produces mucus, and the lamina propria, which is supportive connective tissue.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two basic layers of the mucous membrane are epithelium and lamina propria. The epithelium is the outermost layer that comes into direct contact with the external environment or food in the gastrointestinal tract. It is where mucus is produced, which helps protect and lubricate the surfaces.
Underneath the epithelium is the lamina propria, a layer of connective tissue that provides structural support. These layers work together to form a barrier and play a critical role in the defense of the body.