Final answer:
Syrup of Ipecac is not effective in inducing vomiting in cases of phenothiazine overdose due to the overriding central nervous system effects and antiemetic properties of phenothiazines. Phenothiazines have significant neuroleptic effects and can be substituted to enhance efficacy. Scopolamine is successfully used to treat motion sickness with a controlled transdermal patch.
Step-by-step explanation:
Syrup of Ipecac and Phenothiazine Overdose
Syrup of Ipecac is known to have a peripheral irritant effect and can directly stimulate the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) to induce vomiting. However, in the case of a phenothiazine overdose, such as with chlorpromazine, Ipecac syrup is not considered effective because phenothiazines have central nervous system effects that may overpower the emetic reflex. Phenothiazines, which often include antiemetic properties, can also make it difficult for Ipecac to induce vomiting. Moreover, the substances within phenothiazines have anticholinergic effects that may dampen the action of Ipecac.
Phenothiazines have a tricyclic structure and are known for their neuroleptic effects, which include a reduction in interest and a tendency to sleep rather than causing a loss of consciousness. Substituting certain groups in their chemical structure can increase their efficacy. They are commonly used as antipsychotics but also have antiemetic, antinausea, and antihistaminic benefits, among others.
Regarding the efficacy of cough medications, including those with codeine, research indicates limited effectiveness, specifically in children. The FDA has warned about potential adverse effects in children. In contrast, autonomic drugs like scopolamine are effectively used for motion sickness via a transdermal patch, which delivers a controlled dose to avoid toxicity associated with higher doses.