Final answer:
Salbutamol can cause hypokalaemia as a side effect, emphysema can lead to respiratory acidosis, and Cushing's disease along with other factors can cause metabolic alkalosis. These conditions all relate to different acid-base imbalances in the body.
Step-by-step explanation:
Salbutamol Side Effects and Conditions Related to Acid-Base Imbalance
Salbutamol is a medication used in the treatment of asthma and other conditions with reversible airways obstruction. It's important to be aware of the potential side effects of Salbutamol, one of which includes hypokalaemia, not hyperkalaemia. This occurs due to the beta-agonist activity of Salbutamol, leading to the influx of potassium into cells and causing a decrease in the blood's potassium levels. While hypoglycaemia and elevated lactate levels are not commonly associated with Salbutamol, it is essential to monitor for any unusual symptoms when taking this medication.
Regarding causes of respiratory acidosis, a condition characterized by an excess of carbonic acid/CO2 in the blood, emphysema is a recognized cause. Emphysema leads to impaired gas exchange and results in an increase of carbon dioxide.
Concerning metabolic alkalosis, excessive loss of HCl, increased aldosterone, diarrhea, prolonged use of diuretics, and Cushing's disease can all be contributing factors. An important part of medically managing these conditions is recognizing the underlying causes and how they affect the body's acid-base balance.