Final answer:
Adrenergics and cholinergics have contrasting effects on the cardiovascular system. While ß-blockers like metoprolol and propanolol can be beneficial for cardiac dysfunction by reducing heart rate and promoting vasodilation, they must be precisely managed to avoid adverse effects such as arrhythmias and bradycardia.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject at hand pertains to whether adrenergics or cholinergics are contraindicated for individuals with cardiac disease. Adrenergic drugs, also known as sympathomimetics, mimic the actions of epinephrine and norepinephrine, leading to increased heart rate and vasoconstriction. On the other hand, cholinergic drugs, or parasympathomimetics, mimic acetylcholine and enhance parasympathetic actions which can affect heart rate and other functions. ß-blockers, such as metoprolol and propanolol, are adrenergic antagonists used in treating cardiovascular diseases as they can improve cardiac function by reducing heart rate and vasodilation. Conversely, overprescription can lead to arrhythmias, bradycardia, or even heart stoppage, highlighting the need for careful management of these medications in cardiac patients.