Final answer:
Adrenergic and cholinergic drugs are used to manage urinary retention by targeting the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, respectively. Sympathomimetics stimulate adrenergic receptors, while anticholinergics block muscarinic receptors. Drugs that increase urination frequency likely act as diuretics on kidney structures like the loop of Henle.
Step-by-step explanation:
Adrenergic or cholinergic drugs can be used to treat urinary retention. These drugs work on the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, respectively. Sympathomimetic drugs, also known as sympathomimetics, like phenylephrine, stimulate adrenergic receptors, thereby mimicking the effects of sympathetic activity. Conversely, sympatholytic drugs block adrenergic activity, which can help manage conditions associated with excessive sympathetic activity.
Regarding the parasympathetic system, drugs like muscarinic agonists increase activity at parasympathetic postganglionic terminals, essentially acting in a similar way to acetylcholine (ACh). On the other hand, anticholinergic drugs, such as atropine, block muscarinic receptors, which can be used for treatments involving excess ACh, like nerve agent poisoning, but also for urinary retention as they can decrease muscle contractions and allow the bladder to empty more easily.
To answer the question on a drug that increases the frequency of urination, it could be acting as a diuretic. A diuretic like an oliguric, which seems to be a typo for the more usual term 'diuretic,' could work on the loop of Henle, inhibiting the reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- and subsequently increasing urine output.