Final answer:
Beta-adrenergic blocking agents, or β-blockers, like metoprolol and propanolol, are used to treat glaucoma by reducing aqueous humor production and lowering intraocular pressure. Anticholinergic drugs, although they block muscarinic receptors, are not typically used in glaucoma treatment; muscarinic agonists like pilocarpine are preferred for their ability to increase aqueous outflow in the eye.
Step-by-step explanation:
Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents and Anticholinergics for Glaucoma Treatment
Beta-adrenergic blocking agents, commonly known as β-blockers, are medications that block β1 and β2 receptors, which are associated with vasoconstriction and cardioacceleration. These drugs, such as metoprolol and propanolol, reduce intraocular pressure by decreasing aqueous humor production and are used to treat glaucoma. On the other hand, anticholinergic drugs, like atropine, work by blocking the effects of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, but are not typically used for glaucoma treatment; instead, they manage symptoms of nerve agent poisoning. Anticholinergics can impair ciliary muscle contraction, which would not help in glaucoma where increased aqueous humor outflow is desired. Instead, drugs like pilocarpine, a muscarinic agonist, are utilized to increase aqueous humor outflow and reduce intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients.