Final answer:
Lima was founded by Francisco Pizarro in 1535 after he conquered the Inca Empire, becoming the capital of the Vice-Royalty of Peru and a center of Spanish colonial wealth. The correct option is C.
Step-by-step explanation:
The city that was founded in 1535 by Francisco Pizarro and became the capital of the Vice-Royalty of Peru is Lima. After conquering the Inca Empire and the city of Cuzco, Pizarro established Lima, situating it as a core point of Spanish control during colonial times.
The wealth of the city was significantly augmented by the extraction of gold and silver from the Andes, drastically altering the region's economy and culture by introducing Catholicism and the Spanish language. Despite Pizarro's initial success, he was assassinated in 1541 and laid to rest in the Lima Cathedral.
Hence, Option C is correct.