Final answer:
The A1C test measures the average blood glucose levels over the past two to three months, indicating long-term diabetes management. It is a reflection of glycated hemoglobin in the red blood cells and is important for preventing complications of diabetes. Maintaining A1C levels as close to 7% as possible is recommended for diabetics to delay or prevent complications.
Step-by-step explanation:
The A1C test is a crucial blood test for individuals with diabetes, as it measures the average blood glucose levels over the past two to three months. Unlike daily blood sugar tests, the A1C test is not affected by short-term fluctuations such as those from meals. This test reflects the steady-state of glucose bound to hemoglobin (glycated hemoglobin) in red blood cells, with the lifespan of these cells being around 120 days. The A1C levels provide a glimpse into how well diabetes is being managed and are important for the long-term prevention of diabetes complications, affecting the eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Endocrinologists often use the A1C test alongside other tests for diagnosing and managing endocrine disorders like diabetes mellitus
For non-diabetics, normal levels of hemoglobin A1C are typically less than 7%, while readings above 9% indicate poor control of diabetes, and those over 12% represent very poor control. However, any reduction in the A1C level is beneficial and can improve health outcomes. The goal for most diabetics is to maintain an A1C level as close to 7% as possible to minimize the risk of complications.
During diagnosis, a patient may undergo a fasting glucose test followed by a glucose tolerance test to stimulate the pancreas and assess its ability to produce insulin in response to glucose intake. Persistent high blood glucose levels post-testing may indicate diabetes mellitus, and the patient's treatment plan might include monitoring A1C levels to ensure effective long-term control.