Final answer:
The eye movement study for frontal lobe lesions reviews saccadic eye movements to identify issues in voluntary gaze, with a focus on conjugate gaze and the accommodation-convergence reflex. Problems identified might include internuclear ophthalmoplegia and diplopia, which are related to the frontal eye field region and connected cranial nerves.
Step-by-step explanation:
The eye movement picture study to test voluntary gaze in patients with frontal lobe lesions involves assessing saccadic eye movements, which are rapid, conjugate movements of the eyes used to survey a visual scene or follow a moving stimulus. These movements are significant in the analysis of the frontal eye field region of the frontal lobe associated with motor commands for eye orientation.
Testing for conjugate gaze and possible internuclear ophthalmoplegia includes having the patient track an object like a pen tip without moving their head. If a patient has difficulty in coordinated eye movement, such as one eye failing to abduct while the other adducts, they may experience diplopia, or double vision. The nerves involved in these processes include the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves, which are connected by the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) to coordinate gaze.
An additional aspect of this test includes convergence and accommodation when the target moves closer to the patient's face; this involves both skeletal and smooth muscles and is regulated by the accommodation-convergence reflex.