Final answer:
Wound dehiscence is when a surgical incision reopens, and it can be caused by poor nutrition, obesity, smoking, diabetes, immunodeficiency, certain medications, mechanical stress, infection, and age.
Step-by-step explanation:
Factors Increasing the Risk of Wound Dehiscence
Wound dehiscence is a serious postoperative complication where a wound ruptures along a surgical incision. Several factors can increase the risk of wound dehiscence, including:
Poor nutritional status which can impair wound healing.
Obesity, as adipose tissue has a poor blood supply, which can delay healing and exert tension on the wound edges.
Smoking, which compromises blood flow and oxygenation, leading to poor wound healing.
Conditions like diabetes or immunodeficiency disorders that can affect the body's ability to heal.
Use of corticosteroids or other medications that may interfere with wound healing.
Infections that can weaken the integrity of the wound.
Mechanical stress on the wound, such as coughing, vomiting, or movement that puts pressure on the incision site.
Previous history of wound dehiscence or surgical site infections.
Older age, which can slow the healing process due to reduced skin elasticity and microvascular circulation.
It is crucial for healthcare providers to evaluate these risk factors before surgery and to monitor the healing process closely after the procedure to reduce the likelihood of wound dehiscence. Preventive measures may include nutritional support, cessation of smoking, optimal control of blood sugar levels, and minimizing tension on the wound.