Final answer:
The caravel was an advanced ship design that allowed for longer voyages due to its capacity to carry more provisions and its improved steering and sailing technology, including the rudder and lateen sail.
Step-by-step explanation:
The caravel was a significant development in shipbuilding that emerged during the Age of Exploration, possibly late 15th century. With its larger hulls, the caravel was able to carry more food and other provisions, allowing sailors to undertake longer voyages. The design included a rudder placed at the stern (the back of the ship), greatly improving maneuverability. This rudder made it easier to steer the ship, which was particularly valuable during long sea journeys.
Another important feature of the caravel was the lateen sail. This triangular sail was rigged at the front of the ship, enabling it to harness wind power more effectively. The lateen allowed for 'tacking'—a sailing technique where the ship sails into the wind by zigzagging at angles. This greatly increased the distances that could be reached by these vessels, as they were not solely dependent on favorable tailwinds. Together, these innovations revolutionized sea travel and contributed to the great age of exploration.