Final answer:
The connection between ACEs and cardiovascular disease is partially explained by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism, which regulates blood pressure and can be influenced by long-term psychosocial strain, leading to increased cardiovascular risks.
Step-by-step explanation:
The association between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and cardiovascular disease in adulthood can be explained by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism. This mechanism significantly impacts the cardiovascular system through the regulation of blood pressure and kidney function. ACE, or angiotensin-converting enzyme, produced in the lungs plays a pivotal role in converting angiotensin I into angiotensin II, which raises blood pressure.
High levels of anger and hostility, which might be a response to ACEs, have been linked to adverse cardiovascular outcomes possibly due to the psychosocial strain that can lead to disease-promoting cardiovascular responses. Furthermore, ACE inhibitors are often used to control high blood pressure, a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack, stroke, and angina.
Behavioral risk factors including unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and obesity, along with social determinants such as aging, income, and education, also contribute to the development of cardiovascular disorders. However, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system directly affects blood pressure regulation, thus connecting ACEs to cardiovascular risks.