Final answer:
The second phase of wound healing is focused on tissue repair and regeneration, predominantly mediated by fibroblasts, which deposit collagen to form granulation tissue, supporting angiogenesis and tissue restoration.
Step-by-step explanation:
The second phase of wound healing is where the tissue repair and regeneration primarily occur. After initial bleeding is contained, fibrin proteins coagulate to form a clot and reduce blood loss, subsequently leading to scab formation and reducing infection risk. During this phase, inflammation plays a crucial role, with macrophages and other immune cells clearing debris and pathogens. Fibroblasts are the principal cells in wound healing at this stage, laying down collagen to form granulation tissue, which fills the wound and supports the growth of new blood vessels in a process known as angiogenesis. If the wound is deep, sutures may be applied to support a primary union and minimize scarring. Eventually, collagen fibers are rearranged, and the wound contracts to bring its edges together, which is the secondary union process, and then regular tissue pattern is restored through regeneration.Substances like angiogenesis factors and inflammatory chemicals are released to aid the wound healing process. White blood cells, including dead leukocytes, may form pus, indicating the body's ongoing battle against infection. Granulation tissue can ultimately lead to scar formation, but the ultimate goal during the second phase of wound healing is to restore the integrity and function of the skin through these complex biological processes.