Final answer:
Somatic Hypermutation (SHM) is a process that occurs in B cells during immune responses to generate a diverse repertoire of antibodies. A group of enzymes called AID introduce mutations in the DNA sequence of the antibody genes, specifically in the variable region responsible for antibody specificity. This process allows B cells to produce antibodies with different affinities for antigens.
Step-by-step explanation:
Somatic Hypermutation (SHM) is a process that occurs in B cells during immune responses. It is a mechanism through which the DNA sequence of the antibody genes is deliberately mutated, resulting in the generation of a diverse repertoire of antibodies. This diversification is crucial for the immune system to effectively recognize and respond to a wide range of pathogens.
During SHM, a group of enzymes called AID (Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase) introduces mutations in the DNA sequence of the antibody genes. These mutations occur in the variable region of the antibody gene, which is responsible for determining the specificity and binding affinity of the antibody. The process of SHM allows B cells to produce antibodies with different affinities for antigens, leading to the production of antibodies that can efficiently neutralize and eliminate invading pathogens.
It is important to note that somatic hypermutation only occurs in B cells and is not passed on to offspring. Additionally, not all B cells undergo somatic hypermutation; it is primarily triggered in B cells that have been activated by exposure to antigens.