Final answer:
Comedones, including both blackheads and whiteheads, are caused by the clogging of hair follicles due to a buildup of sebum and dead skin cells. Propionibacterium acnes can infect these clogged pores and cause inflammation, leading to acne. Folliculitis, characterized by inflamed and sometimes pus-filled bumps, is a related condition that can be caused by various factors including infection.
Step-by-step explanation:
What Causes Comedones/Follicular Hyperkeratosis?
Comedones, known as either blackheads or whiteheads, result from the clogging of hair follicles. These blockages consist of dead skin cells and an oily substance called sebum. The appearance of blackheads is due to the oxidation of lipids in sebum when exposed to air. Follicular hyperkeratosis involves an overproduction and accumulation of keratin which can also contribute to these blockages.
Acne-causing bacteria, primarily Propionibacterium acnes, can infect these clogged follicles. P. acnes is a type of bacteria that thrives in low-oxygen environments and feeds on sebum. It releases enzymes that damage hair follicles and promote inflammatory lesions. These can manifest as papules, pustules, nodules, or pseudocysts, leading to redness and potential scarring.
Conditions like folliculitis and acne are often noted by the inflammation of hair follicles. Folliculitis presents as itchy, red, and/or pus-filled bumps due to infection. Factors like sweat, injuries, ingrown hairs, and irritation from shaving can contribute to this condition.