Final answer:
The modulation of cytosolic/nuclear receptors is crucial for glucocorticoids, which pass through cell membranes and regulate gene transcription. This differs from neurotransmitters like dopamine, which binds to cell surface receptors and has immediate and longer-term effects.
Step-by-step explanation:
The modulation of cytosolic/nuclear receptors is crucial for glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, are steroid hormones that can pass through cell membranes and bind to receptors inside the cell, which can then enter the nucleus and directly affect gene transcription by binding to DNA. This is different from neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine, which bind to cell surface receptors. For example, dopamine binds to G-protein-linked receptors, such as D1 and D2 receptors, on the surface of neurons, which can lead to immediate effects on neuron firing rates and longer-term effects on gene transcription. In contrast, insulin initiates its action by binding to receptor tyrosine kinases, which leads to phosphorylation of tyrosine residues as part of the signal transduction pathway.