Final answer:
Ulcers are lesions associated with conditions like contact dermatitis, autoimmune diseases, and especially peptic ulcers, which are sores in the stomach or duodenal lining caused by breakdowns in the mucosal barrier. Symptoms include abdominal pain, often improving with eating. Diagnosis and treatment involve identifying H. pylori, endoscopy, antibiotics, and acid reducers.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ulcers are commonly associated with various conditions, including contact dermatitis, delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, and chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases like diabetes mellitus type I, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. An important form of ulcer is the peptic ulcer, which is a sore in the stomach or duodenal lining. Ulcers can occur when the mucosal barrier in the stomach breaks down, allowing gastric juice to erode the lining, which then can become deeper and form ulcers.
Peptic ulcers often present with symptoms such as upper abdominal pain, which may improve with eating, and can also be accompanied by belching, vomiting, and weight loss. These ulcers are diagnosed through symptoms or the presence of H. pylori and may require an endoscopy for a definitive diagnosis. If not treated effectively with antibiotics and stomach acid reducers, peptic ulcers can lead to serious complications like perforation.