Final answer:
Chemical mediators like histamine and cytokines are crucial in immune responses and allergic reactions, with cytokines directing inflammatory responses and pathogen defense. Moisturizing creams contain ingredients that alleviate itching and inflammation, aiding in the comfort and protection of the skin.
Step-by-step explanation:
Chemical mediators, such as histamine and cytokines, play a crucial role in the body's immune and allergic responses. When an individual is exposed to an allergen for a second time, IgE-primed mast cells bind to the antigen, causing the release of these mediators that can trigger an allergic reaction. Notably, cytokines are a type of chemical messenger essential for immune function. They are involved in cell differentiation, proliferation, and gene expression, and are released in response to pathogen recognition. Cytokines also orchestrate inflammatory responses and are responsible for signaling other cells to fight off infections or produce an inflammation effect, releasing additional mediators like acute-phase proteins, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and bradykinin.
In the context of an inflammatory response or allergy, substances found in moisturizing creams such as glycerin, urea, or hyaluronic acid can help alleviate itching and inflammation by providing hydration and creating a barrier to protect the skin. The physical properties of these substances, like their ability to retain moisture, and their chemical properties, like their soothing effects, contribute to reducing discomfort associated with dry or inflamed skin. Understanding these principles is beneficial for the diagnosis and treatment of hypersensitivities.