Final answer:
Positive reinforcement is the removal of an aversive stimulus to increase a behavior, while negative reinforcement is the removal of a reinforcing stimulus to increase a behavior. Positive punishment is the addition of an undesirable stimulus to decrease a behavior, and negative punishment is the removal of a reinforcing stimulus to decrease a behavior.
Step-by-step explanation:
In operant conditioning, positive reinforcement is the removal of an aversive stimulus that serves to increase a behavior. An example of positive reinforcement is when someone receives praise or a reward for completing a task. On the other hand, negative reinforcement is the removal of a reinforcing stimulus to increase a behavior. An example of negative reinforcement is when a student is allowed to skip a homework assignment after they have completed a certain amount of extra credit work. Conversely, positive punishment is the addition of an undesirable stimulus to decrease a behavior. An example of positive punishment is when a teacher gives a student detention for talking in class. Finally, negative punishment is the removal of a reinforcing stimulus to decrease a behavior. An example of negative punishment is when a parent takes away a child's video game privileges for not completing their chores.