Final answer:
Freud posited that all normal and abnormal functioning stems from unconscious conflicts, deeply influenced by childhood experiences and repressed desires, rather than neurological imbalances or exclusively from social interactions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sigmund Freud is a central figure in psychology, pioneering psychoanalytic theory. He believed that both normal and abnormal functioning originate from dynamics of the unconscious mind. There are a few pillars to this theory, notably:
- Unconscious conflicts: This encompasses the idea that repressed memories and desires can trigger responses, verbal slips, and dreams, indicating their presence in the unconscious.
- Childhood experiences: Freud emphasized that early experiences play a crucial role in shaping personality, with his theory of psychosexual development outlining various stages and possible conflicts that could arise.
- Neurological balances: Although Freud acknowledged biological drives, he did not focus on neurological imbalances as the origin of functioning.
- Social interactions: The superego, or the internalized societal norms present in the unconscious, definitely plays a role in Freud's theory, yet he does not consider social interactions as the sole source of functioning.
The correct answer to the question "Freud believed that all functioning, normal and abnormal, originates from" is option (a) Unconscious conflicts, as it is these conflicts that Freud believed fundamentally drive human behavior.