Question

2 primary physiological responses used by humans to defend against a cold environment.

A) Shivering and vasoconstriction
B) Sweating and vasodilation
C) Panting and peripheral vasodilation
D) Hyperventilation and increased heart rate

Answer 1

In a cold environment, the body reacts with shivering to generate heat and vasoconstriction to minimize heat loss, both crucial for maintaining homeostasis.

Step-by-step explanation:

The two primary physiological responses utilized by humans to defend against a cold environment are:

A) Shivering and vasoconstriction.

1. Shivering: This is a mechanism where the body generates heat through rapid muscle contractions, producing warmth as a result of increased metabolic activity.

2. Vasoconstriction: This response involves the narrowing of blood vessels in the skin to reduce blood flow and conserve body heat. By minimizing blood circulation to the skin's surface, less heat is lost to the environment, helping to maintain core body temperature in cold conditions.

Both shivering and vasoconstriction are vital responses that help the body regulate its temperature and preserve warmth when exposed to cold environments.