Question

How does medium altitude differ from high altitude?

a) Lower oxygen levels at high altitude
b) Increased air pressure at medium altitude
c) Similar oxygen levels at both altitudes
d) Higher temperatures at high altitude

Answer 1

Medium altitude differs from high altitude in that the latter has significantly lower atmospheric pressure and oxygen levels, leading to reduced oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in the blood and potential hypoxia.

Step-by-step explanation:

The difference between medium altitude and high altitude is primarily due to the levels of atmospheric pressure and consequently oxygen availability. At high altitudes, there is a significant decrease in air pressure, which results in lower oxygen levels compared to medium altitudes. This is because the proportion of oxygen in the atmosphere remains constant at around 21%, but the partial pressure of oxygen decreases with increasing altitude, making it harder for the hemoglobin in our blood to reach its usual saturation levels. For example, at sea level, hemoglobin saturation is typically around 98%, whereas at 19,000 feet above sea level, it may drop to 67%. This leads to a medical condition known as hypoxia, symptoms of which include headaches, nausea, and dizziness, commonly experienced by people who climb mountains or quickly ascend to high altitudes without proper acclimatization.