Final answer:
Cardiorespiratory frequency varies with exercise intensity and individual fitness levels. Non or occasional exercisers generally have lower heart rates during low intensity activities, while recreational exercisers may aim for moderate exercise, adhering to 1 hour daily programs. Heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output increase significantly during exercise, and those levels are modulated by age, condition, and whether the exercise is aerobic or anaerobic.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cardiorespiratory frequency, also known as heart rate (HR), is a key indicator of one's fitness levels and varies based on the intensity of exercise and individual fitness. For a non-exerciser or occasional exerciser, engaging in low intensity or skill-based activities typically doesn't require the heart rate to increase substantially. However, based on the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommendations, adults should aim for at least 2.5 hours of moderate-intensity aerobic activity every week, which includes exercises where a person can talk but not sing. Recreational exercisers typically adhere to a moderate exercise program, about 1 hour per day, which elevates the heart rate but doesn't push it to extremes.
According to data, during exercise, a healthy individual's HR may increase to about 150 bpm and stroke volume (SV) can increase significantly leading to an elevated cardiac output (CO) 4-5 times the resting rate. Highly conditioned athletes may increase their CO to 7-8 times the resting level at peak performance.
It’s important to note that disorders of the heart can influence HR. Normal resting HR ranges from 60-100 bpm; below 60 is bradycardia and above 100 is tachycardia. HR also varies with age, being higher in newborns and adjusting as one grows, eventually increasing slightly with advanced age. Finally, there are two kinds of cardiovascular exercise: aerobic and anaerobic. Anaerobic exercise, which involves higher heart-rate capacity, refers to short intense bursts of activity like sprinting.