Final answer:
Pericles gained control of Athens during the Golden Age, specifically in the Age of Pericles, after the Persian Wars and his influence peaked until the Peloponnesian War began in 431 BCE.
Step-by-step explanation:
Pericles became the most prominent and influential Greek statesman and general during what is known as the Golden Age of Athens, specifically during the Age of Pericles. This period of Athenian Hegemony began after the Persian Wars and lasted until the start of the Peloponnesian War in 431 BCE.
Under Pericles' leadership, Athens experienced tremendous growth, prosperity, and cultural development. He initiated democratic reforms such as paying public servants, enabling poorer citizens to hold office. Athens' bureaucracy expanded to about 1,500 officials to manage its growing empire and the Delian League.
Pericles also oversaw the construction of significant buildings like the Parthenon and encouraged the flourishing of arts, contributing to Athens' formidable cultural legacy.