Final answer:
Traditionally held views, particularly from religious leaders, initially prevented the wide acceptance of evolutionary theory due to conflicts with creationist beliefs. Laws like Tennessee's Butler Act, which outlawed evolutionary teaching, were emblematic of resistance based on these beliefs. Despite early resistance, most scientists and many theological circles now accept evolution.
Step-by-step explanation:
Traditionally held views played a significant role in preventing the wide acceptance of evolutionary theory when it was first introduced. Initially, the theory of evolution generated controversy due to its contradiction with creationist beliefs. Religious leaders and those holding traditional views found it challenging to reconcile evolutionary theory with the belief in special creation as outlined in religious texts. The rejection by some religious leaders stemmed from their inability to accept a mechanistic process that does not include the actions of a deity.
Furthermore, the Butler Act in Tennessee, which prohibited the teaching of evolution in favor of biblical creation, exemplified the resistance against the theory based on traditional religious beliefs. Though the urban/rural conflict reflected a divide in opinion, the rejection was also influenced by the desire to maintain traditional cultural values against the perceived superficiality of modern urban life.
Over time, however, the theory of evolution, first proposed by Charles Darwin in 1859, achieved widespread acceptance within the scientific community. Today, it is well-established among biologists and supported by a substantial body of evidence, and most major denominations in the United States recognize the compatibility of evolution with their theologies.