Final answer:
The most common mating system among primates is polygynous, where a dominant male mates with multiple females, with females primarily handling parental care for offspring.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most common type of mating system in primates is polygynous. Polygynous mating involves one male mating with multiple females, a strategy often associated with females bearing the responsibility of parental care. This system is prevalent due to the benefits it provides to females, such as access to resources and genetically fit males. While primates exhibit a range of mating systems, including monogamous and polyandrous, polygynous systems like harem structures are notably common among some of the most well-studied primates. In these systems, a dominant male mates with several females who are attracted to the resources he controls. This pattern supports the females' survival and reproductive success, despite the lack of male assistance in rearing offspring.