Final answer:
The key difference between psychology and counseling is that psychology, especially clinical psychology, often deals with diagnosing and treating mental disorders, while counseling focuses on enhancing well-being among individuals who are generally psychologically healthy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Psychology and counseling are both fields within the broader discipline of mental health that deal with understanding and assisting individuals, though they approach this goal in different ways. Psychology, specifically clinical psychology, tends to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and behaviors, operating on a spectrum that includes individuals with severe to mild mental health issues. In contrast, counseling, or counseling psychology, often centers on improving emotional, social, vocational, and health-related aspects in the lives of individuals who are generally considered psychologically healthy.
To further clarify, clinical psychologists may provide services such as administering and interpreting psychological tests and may work closely with those who have psychological disorders. On the other side, counseling psychologists work on fostering well-being, adjusting to life changes, and improving personal and interpersonal functioning across the lifespan. Both may assist individuals with mental health challenges, but the scope and the nature of the issues they address can differ.