Final answer:
Haplorhines, in contrast to strepsirhines, are distinguished by their 'dry-nosed' characteristic, larger brain sizes, absence of a toothcomb, and the necessity to obtain vitamin C from their diet.
Step-by-step explanation:
Unlike strepsirhine primates, haplorhines such as tarsiers, New World monkeys, Old World monkeys, apes, and humans possess several distinctive anatomical features. One key difference is the absence of a wet rhinarium; haplorhines are known as 'dry-nosed' primates. Instead, their noses have narrow, downward-facing nostrils, particularly in catarrhines, which include Old World monkeys, apes, and humans. Haplorhines also lack a toothcomb, a feature present in strepsirhine primates like lemurs and lorises. Additionally, they do not have a grooming claw, have generally larger brain sizes, and most are diurnal. A critical point is that haplorhines are unable to synthesize vitamin C and must obtain it through their diet, unlike strepsirhines which can produce it internally.