Final answer:
To determine gender using bones, particularly the skeleton, one can examine features such as the pelvis shape, which in females is wider for childbirth, and the general bone thickness and weight, which in males tends to be greater. Other factors like bone density and muscle attachment points are also relevant indicators of gender.
Step-by-step explanation:
How Do We Use Bones to Distinguish Gender:
Bones provide numerous clues to an individual's gender because of the physiological differences that develop during puberty. The process of sexual dimorphism, which is the observable differences in size or appearance between males and females of the same species, can be clearly seen in the human skeleton. In general, male bones tend to be thicker and heavier, adapted to support a larger body build and more robust muscles. In contrast, female bones often exhibit features that are associated with childbirth. The differences are particularly evident in the pelvis shape. The female pelvis is adapted for childbearing, with a wider and more circular birth canal, broader pelvic inlet and outlet and a wider pubic angle. During puberty, other bodily changes occur such as an increase in muscle and bone growth in males, particularly in the upper body.
This results in men having broader shoulders and chests compared to their hips. Conversely, women develop wider pelvises and hips compared to their shoulders and chest. Moreover testosterone's presence during fetal development initiates the differentiation of male sexual tissues, while its absence allows the development of female sexual tissues. Therefore by examining the skeletal structure, particularly the pelvis, along with considering other factors such as bone density and muscle attachment points, it is possible to determine the gender based on bone characteristics. However, it's important to recognize that while bones can provide strong indicators of gender, variations in body types and the possibility of surgical alterations should also be taken into account.