Final answer:
True, vomiting or diarrhea can lead to dehydration by causing fluid and electrolyte output to exceed intake, particularly if fluid consumption is not increased to compensate for the losses.
Step-by-step explanation:
It is true that vomiting or diarrhea can cause fluid and electrolyte output to exceed intake, leading to dehydration. These conditions result in excessive loss of digestive fluids, and if not managed with adequate fluid intake, the consequences can be severe. Common signs of dehydration include a decrease in urination, dry mouth and throat, and dizziness upon standing. In addition to dehydration, prolonged vomiting and diarrhea may lead to major losses of chloride and bicarbonate ions, disrupting the body's electrolyte balance.
Infants, athletes, and individuals with chronic renal disease or infectious gastrointestinal conditions are especially susceptible to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances due to their increased fluid and electrolyte needs or losses. These groups must be monitored closely to prevent serious complications, including coma and death.