Final answer:
Culture shock can happen when entering a new culture as well as upon returning home, as identified by Anthropologist Kalervo Oberg, involving stages from excitement to stress and adaptation over time.
Step-by-step explanation:
The phenomenon of culture shock is not limited to the initial exposure to a new culture, but can also occur when returning to one's home culture after spending time away. Anthropologist Kalervo Oberg first identified this reaction to cultural differences, noting that stages of culture shock can include initial excitement followed by stress, insecurity, and ethnocentrism as individuals struggle to reconcile the differences between their familiar and new cultural surroundings. Adjustment and adaptation take time and are influenced by personal traits and societal expectations. This process is further complicated by the reality that even upon returning home, the individual might experience reverse culture shock, finding it challenging to reintegrate into their original culture due to the changes in perspective gained while away.