Final answer:
PKU, or phenylketonuria, is a genetic disorder that affects the metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine. The condition is caused by a mutation in the gene that codes for the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. Individuals with PKU must follow a strict diet low in phenylalanine and avoid foods high in phenylalanine, such as certain animal products and artificial sweeteners.
Step-by-step explanation:
PKU, or phenylketonuria, is a genetic disorder that affects the metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine. The condition is caused by a mutation in the gene that codes for the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. This mutation reduces or eliminates the activity of the enzyme, leading to the accumulation of phenylalanine in the body, which can cause brain damage and other health problems if not properly managed.
Individuals with PKU must follow a strict diet low in phenylalanine and avoid foods high in phenylalanine, such as certain animal products and artificial sweeteners. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent severe symptoms and minimize long-term complications.