Final answer:
The statement that Rome gained Iberia after the 1st Punic War is false, as Rome and Carthage fought over Sicily in that conflict, and it was not until after the Second Punic War that Rome began to establish control in Iberia.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that as a result of the 1st Punic War, Rome gained the Carthaginian colony of Iberia is FALSE. During the First Punic War, which lasted from 264 to 241 BCE, Rome and Carthage fought primarily over the control of Sicily. The war concluded with Carthage surrendering its claims on Sicily to Rome after a series of military engagements. However, it wasn't until the aftermath of the Second Punic War that Rome began to establish a presence in Iberia (modern-day Spain and Portugal). After the 1st Punic War, Carthage actually focused on expanding its territories in Iberia, and it was during the Second Punic War, initiated by the Carthaginian general Hannibal, that direct Roman involvement in Iberia began to occur as a result of the broader conflict.