Final answer:
Dolly was the name of the first sheep cloned from an adult cell, created in 1996 using the nucleus from a Finn-Dorset sheep's adult somatic cell, which was introduced into an enucleated donor egg and implanted into a Scottish Blackface surrogate mother.
Step-by-step explanation:
The sheep which was the first to be cloned from an adult cell is named Dolly. This significant achievement was made in 1996 when scientists removed the nucleus from a donor egg cell and replaced it with the nucleus from an adult somatic cell, specifically from the mammary gland of a Finn-Dorset sheep.
The resulting cell was stimulated to divide by using an electric shock, which then allowed the cell to develop into an embryo. This embryo was subsequently implanted into a surrogate Scottish Blackface sheep mother where it continued to develop until birth.
Dolly lived for seven years and her existence prompted ethical debates and further research into the potentials and implications of cloning. The creation of Dolly the sheep showed that specialized cells could be reprogrammed to an embryonic state and led to advances in the field of genetic research, including the cloning of other animals such as horses, bulls, and goats.