Final answer:
Historical revolts, including those against Al-Mansur and other rulers, were driven by resistance to foreign control, domestic dissatisfaction, unpaid military forces, food shortages, and the desire for religious or ethnic independence.
Step-by-step explanation:
Throughout history, resistance movements and revolts have emerged as common responses to foreign and domestic oppression or dissatisfaction with ruling authorities. For example, the Egyptian revolt against European control, the resistance led by the Mahdi's army, and the Ethiopian war with Italy are instances of pushback against colonial or external influence.
In their domains, Mamluk rulers also faced challenges like rebellions from Syrian Arabs and hostility from Bedouin tribes. Severe punishments and enslavement were imposed as deterrents against revolts. Additionally, the Ottoman Empire experienced ethnic and nationalistic tensions leading to the Arab Revolt of 1916.